vitamin c can alter lead-induced passive avoidance learning impairment in rats

introduction: lead (pb) is a neurotoxin that its different effects on the central nervous system are well-known. previous studies have reported the potent effects of vitamin c on memory.the present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin c against leadinduced amnesia. methods: male wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: the control (saline), negative control (lead), positive control (vitamin c, 150 mg/kg), and experimental (lead+vitamin c). to induce lead toxicity, the rats received water containing 0.2% pb instead of regular water for 1 month. passive avoidance learning was assessed by shuttle box 2 months later. retention was tested 24 hours after training.  results: the results showed that lead causes impairment in acquisition and retrieval processes of passive avoidance learning and memory. however, vitamin c administration reinforced passive avoidance learning and memory. all results were significant (p< 0.001). conclusion: vitamin c administration in rats counteracts the negative effect of lead on spatial learning and memory.